CPP

 

C ++

      Chapter 1: Introduction

      Chapter 2: Operators

      Chapter 3: Control Statement (or)Programming Construct

      Chapter 4: Array & Pointer

      Chapter 5: Function

      Chapter 6: Class & Object

      Chapter 7: Friend Function

      Chapter 8: Constructor & Destructor

      Chapter 9: Operator Overloading

      Chapter 10: Inheritance

      Chapter 11: Virtual Function & Polymorphism

      Chapter 12 & 13: Files and Templates

 

History

 

In the late 1970s, Bjarne Stroustrup, a Danish computer scientist, started developing what would later become C++. He was working at Bell Labs and aimed to create a language that combined the efficiency and low-level capabilities of C with the features of high-level programming languages like Simula, which introduced the concept of classes and objects for OOP. Stroustrup's initial work led to a language he called "C with Classes." He introduced classes as a way to define user-defined types with associated methods and data. This concept laid the foundation for C++'s OOP capabilities. In 1983, the language was renamed to "C++," which signifies the increment operator in C. This name change reflected the language's evolution from C with Classes to a more comprehensive programming language. C++ introduced core object-oriented features such as classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. These features allowed developers to structure their code in a more modular and organized manner, leading to easier maintenance and extensibility. C++ also introduced the concept of templates, which enable generic programming. Templates allow you to write code that works with multiple data types without sacrificing performance. The Standard Template Library (STL) was later developed, providing a collection of useful data structures and algorithms. As C++ gained popularity, the need for a standardized version arose to ensure consistent implementations across different compilers and platforms. The first standard for C++, known as C++98, was ratified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1998. This standard introduced a more formalized specification for the language and its features. Subsequent standards were released to enhance and refine the language. Notably, C++11 (released in 2011) introduced significant improvements, including lambda expressions, range-based for loops, and the auto keyword. C++14 (2014) and C++17 (2017) continued to introduce new features and improvements. C++11 and later versions are often referred to as "Modern C++" due to the introduction of more expressive and safer programming features. Modern C++ encourages best practices, improved readability, and more efficient code. The C++ language continues to evolve, with new standards being developed to add features, enhance performance, and improve the programming experience. C++20 was released in 2020, and subsequent versions are planned for the future. The C++ community is active and engaged, contributing to discussions about language features, coding standards, and best practices. Conferences like CppCon provide a platform for C++ enthusiasts to exchange ideas and knowledge.

 

Uses

 

Ø C++ is used to develop a variety of application software, including desktop applications, graphical user interfaces (GUIs), and productivity software.

Ø C++ is a popular choice for game development due to its performance and ability to create complex systems. Many game engines, such as Unreal Engine, are built using C++.

Ø C++ is used for developing system-level software like operating systems, device drivers, and firmware. Its low-level capabilities make it suitable for interacting with hardware and managing system resources.

Ø C++ is used in embedded systems development, where it's essential to manage hardware resources efficiently and create compact code for microcontrollers and other embedded devices.

Ø C++ is used in graphics programming for creating visual effects, rendering, and computer vision applications that process and analyze images and videos.

Ø C++ is used in applications that require complex mathematical computations, simulations, and data analysis, such as financial modeling and scientific simulations.

Ø C++ is used for developing network protocols, communication libraries, and networking applications that require efficient data handling.

Ø C++ is used in robotics and automation to develop control software, machine vision algorithms, and robotics applications.

Ø C++ is used in medical software development for applications like medical imaging, simulations, and data analysis.

Ø C++ is used in the development of aerospace and defense applications, including flight simulations, control systems, and communication systems.