Java

 

Java

 

Chapter 1 : Introduction

Chapter 2 : Data Type

Chapter 2 : Operator

Chapter 3 : Programming Construct

Chapter  4 & 5: Array and String

Chapter 6 & 7 :  OOPS and Method

Chapter 8 & 9 : Constructor and Inheritance

Chapter 10 & 11 : Interfaces and Packages & Java.util package

Chapter 12 : Exception Handling

Chapter 13 & 14 : Streams and Files – I & II

Chapter 15 & 16 : Java Applet Basics  & Event Handling

Chapter 17 & 18: Java AWT – I & II

 

 

History

 

Java is a widely used programming language known for its portability, object-oriented features, and strong emphasis on security. The development of Java began in the mid-1990s at Sun Microsystems, a company founded by Vinod Khosla, Andy Bechtolsheim, and Scott McNealy. James Gosling, along with his team, started working on a project called "Green," which aimed to create a programming language for controlling consumer electronics devices. The initial version of the language was called "Oak," named after an oak tree outside Gosling's office. Oak was designed to be platform-independent and capable of running on various consumer electronics devices. In 1995, as the team recognized the potential for the language beyond consumer electronics, it was renamed "Java." The name was inspired by coffee, which was a popular beverage at the time at Sun Microsystems. Java was officially introduced to the public at the SunWorld conference in May 1995. Java's promise of platform independence was a significant breakthrough. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) allowed Java programs to be compiled to bytecode, which could run on any system with a compatible JVM, regardless of the underlying hardware and operating system. Java applets, small programs designed to be executed within web browsers, gained popularity as a way to add interactive content to web pages. This concept, however, eventually gave way to more modern web technologies. In 1998, Java 2 was released, which included significant updates and introduced features like Swing (a graphical user interface toolkit), the Collections Framework, and the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT). In 2006, Sun Microsystems open-sourced the Java platform under the GNU General Public License (GPL). This led to the creation of the OpenJDK project, which is the reference implementation of the Java platform. In 2010, Oracle Corporation acquired Sun Microsystems, including the rights to Java. Oracle continued to maintain and develop the Java platform. Java Standard Edition (Java SE) encompasses the core libraries and features of the language. Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE, later renamed Jakarta EE) extends Java SE to include tools and APIs for building large-scale enterprise applications. Java 8, released in 2014, introduced lambdas, the Stream API, and other modern language features. Subsequent versions like Java 9, 10, and 11 brought further enhancements and new features. Java's release cadence changed with the introduction of a time-driven release model. New Java versions are now released approximately every six months. Java 12, 13, and beyond continue to bring new features, improvements, and optimizations. The Java ecosystem has expanded to include a vast collection of libraries, frameworks, and tools for various domains, including web development, mobile app development (using Android), big data, cloud computing, and more.

 

Uses

 

Ø Java is used to develop a wide range of applications, from desktop software to large-scale enterprise applications. Its platform independence allows developers to write code once and run it on different platforms.

Ø Java is used to create dynamic web applications and websites. Java-based frameworks like Spring and JavaServer Faces (JSF) provide tools for building web applications with features such as MVC architecture, security, and database connectivity.

Ø Java is the primary programming language for developing Android applications. The Android platform provides a Java-based development environment for building mobile apps.

Ø Java is widely used for building enterprise-level applications, including customer relationship management (CRM) systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and business process automation software.

Ø Java is used in big data processing and analytics platforms. Frameworks like Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark are built using Java and provide tools for processing and analyzing large datasets.

Ø Java is used in cloud-based applications and services. Platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS) provide Java-based SDKs for developing and deploying applications in the cloud.

Ø Java is used in scientific research and simulations, particularly in fields that require numerical computations, simulations, and data analysis.

Ø Java is used for developing games, especially in the context of Android game development. Libraries like LibGDX provide tools for creating games using Java.

Ø Java is used extensively in the financial sector for building trading platforms, risk management systems, and financial analysis software.

Ø Java is used in healthcare applications for managing electronic health records (EHRs), medical imaging, and healthcare information systems.

Ø Many e-commerce platforms and online marketplaces are built using Java due to its scalability and support for building robust and secure transactional systems.

Ø Java's Micro Edition (Java ME) is used in embedded systems and devices with limited resources, such as mobile devices and IoT devices.

Ø Java's adaptability, strong community support, and extensive libraries and frameworks contribute to its continued popularity and diverse range of applications across various industries.